Major Developments in Limb Prosthetics
There have been major developments in limb prosthetics thanks to technological advancements in recent decades. Now, prosthetics come in all shapes, sizes, and materials, and can endure more terrains or activities than ever before. Patients can choose from a myriad of options that can be activity-specific or even mind-controlled like real limbs! We’ll discuss some of the most common and cutting-edge prostheses available today as well as the personal and financial considerations in choosing a prosthetic that’s right for you.
Microprocessor-Controlled Joints and Artificial Intelligence
Developed in the 1990s, the microprocessor-controlled joint enables the prosthesis to automatically adapt to the patient’s unique needs by monitoring their gait cycle through sensors, a microprocessor, software, a resistance system, and a battery. Each microprocessor knee is programmed to an individual’s gait so that, over time, the device adapts to its owner’s walking patterns. This breakthrough allowed amputees to move their prostheses intuitively and naturally.
In 2011, further advancements were introduced with AI prosthetics, such as the “world’s first bionic leg with robotics mechanism” (the “symbionic leg”) by Ossum and the Genium X3 by Ottobock, which enabled backward walking for the first time. Today, Ottobock’s X3 remains one of the most advanced prosthetics on the market. The limb itself costs around $115,000 (not including additional components such as the socket) and is designed for intuitive walking, improved safety, custom settings, and Bluetooth compatibility. Users can monitor it via the Cockpit app on their iPhone or Android smartphone. It is weatherproof, robust, and suitable for active lifestyles in various terrains and weather conditions.
Brain-Controlled Prosthetics / Consciously Controlled Limbs
Consciously controlled limbs allow a person to control movement and even experience the sensation of touch through brain-controlled prosthetics. A 2020 study in the New England Journal of Medicine reported on three Swedish patients who have lived for several years with this technology. The study found that neuromusculoskeletal prostheses are unique because:
- They have a direct connection to a person’s nerves, muscles, and skeleton.
- They are mind-controlled and deliver sensations that the user perceives as originating from the missing limb.
- They are self-contained, with all necessary electronics built into the prosthesis so that no additional equipment or batteries are needed.
- They are safe and stable over the long term, having been used during everyday activities without supervision or limitations to controlled environments.
Brain-controlled prostheses usually cost upwards of $70,000. However, companies such as BrainRobotics are planning to release AI limbs in the $10,000–$15,000 range to offer a more affordable option for amputees.
3D Printing
3D printing, or additive manufacturing, has revolutionized prosthetics by offering a cost-effective and rapid method to produce prostheses for both children and adults. In January 2013, a 5-year-old boy born without fingers on one hand received a customizable 3D printed prosthetic hand built for only $150 in parts. It is estimated that 3D printed limbs can help up to 30 million people worldwide who require artificial prostheses.
While 3D printing is a less costly option, it is most effective for simpler prosthetics that offer basic or passive movements for both upper and lower limbs. Many companies and nonprofits use 3D technology to provide low-cost prosthetics; nonprofits like E-Nable use open-source designs to produce prostheses for thousands of individuals in need, while startups like Unlimited Tomorrow offer a 3D TrueLimb for as low as $7,995.
Other Specialty Limbs
Beyond the standard and advanced prostheses described above, there are specialty prosthetic limbs designed for specific activities that offer additional functionality:
- Backup limbs: Stand-in prostheses used when your primary limb malfunctions, needs repair, or is at risk of damage during certain activities (e.g., housework or yardwork).
- Shower legs: Prosthetic legs designed to resist water damage, ensuring stability and safety in the shower or tub.
- Swim/Diving legs: Limbs specifically engineered for swimming or diving with higher plantar flexion to accommodate water movements while providing stability.
- Running prostheses: Highly engineered limbs built to withstand significant impact while protecting the residual limb from shock; these are often showcased by Olympic athletes.
Restoring Quality of Life Through Case Management
These advances represent some of the most exciting developments in prosthetics history, illustrating how technology is merging human and machine interfaces to provide real solutions for millions of disabled individuals. However, finding the perfect prosthesis is a complex process, and a case manager can be essential in helping you assess, plan, and navigate your options.
Case managers are licensed healthcare professionals who understand the intricacies of the healthcare system. They can help you explore costs, evaluate available options, and work with your physical therapist and/or prosthetist to create a detailed plan that meets your personal needs and goals.
Interested in learning more about our case management services? Contact us to speak with a life care planner or case manager today.